Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5)
IGD is characterized by a persistent and recurrent pattern of gaming behavior leading to significant impairment or distress. To qualify, an individual must exhibit at least five of the following symptoms within a 12-month period:
- Preoccupation with Gaming: Constantly thinking about gaming, even when not playing.
- Withdrawal Symptoms: Feeling irritable, anxious, or sad when unable to play.
- Tolerance: Needing to spend increasing amounts of time gaming to achieve satisfaction.
- Failed Attempts to Reduce Gaming: Persistent efforts to cut down or stop gaming without success.
- Loss of Interest in Other Activities: Diminished interest in hobbies or social interactions outside of gaming.
- Continued Gaming Despite Problems: Persisting with gaming despite knowing it causes or exacerbates physical, psychological, or social issues.
- Deception: Lying to family members or others about the extent of gaming.
- Escape: Using gaming as a way to relieve negative moods or escape from real-life problems.
- Risked Relationships or Opportunities: Sacrificing important relationships, educational, or career opportunities because of gaming.
International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11)
Gaming Disorder is characterized by impaired control over gaming, increasing priority given to gaming over other activities, and continuation or escalation of gaming despite negative consequences.
The behavior pattern must be evident for at least 12 months and result in significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, or occupational functioning.